Table 1 The instructional phase blueprint

Textbook lesson + ‘planned-incidental’ grammar teaching

Engagement

3

• Motivating

• Introducing the lesson topic or theme

• Activating students' prior knowledge/Recapitulation

Exploration

12

• Presenting the content

• Highlighting grammar rules/structures occurring in chapters

• Loud/silent reading

Explanation

10

• Explanations of the content

• Explanation of identified grammar rules/structures, using content, and contextual examples, with the help of TLMs

Elaboration/Extension

10

• Providing opportunities for students to apply the language skills they have learned to real-life situations or scenarios

• Giving exercises/tasks that require students to use the language in context

Evaluation

5

• Giving students quizzes, tests, or other forms of comprehension and language assessment

• Feedback

Buffer time

5

• Attendance, class management, etc