From: Which one? Technology or non-technology-assisted vocabulary learning: a probe into the state of academic buoyancy, creativity, and academic achievement
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
CG pre—CG post
 − 1.00
1.97
.39
 − 2.52
24
.01
EG pre—EG post
 − 3.16
2.30
.46
 − 6.85
.00