From: Which one? Technology or non-technology-assisted vocabulary learning: a probe into the state of academic buoyancy, creativity, and academic achievement
Mean
Std. deviation
Std. error mean
t
df
Sig. (2-tailed)
CG pre—CG post
 − 4.40
8.96
1.79
 − 2.45
24
.02
EG pre—EG post
 − 19.96
28.66
5.73
 − 3.48
.00