Table 3 Frequency of factors affecting the emotional labor of expatriate EFL teachers in Türkiye
Factors affecting emotional labor | Frequency |
|---|---|
Positive factors | |
Personal | 6 |
Family well-being | 4 |
Personal improvement | 2 |
 Interpersonal work-related relations | 24 |
Teacher–student relationships | 11 |
Good relationship with students | 2 |
Friendly relationship with students | 2 |
Respectful teacher–student relationship | 2 |
A calculated distance with students | 2 |
Close teacher–student relationship | 1 |
Energetic and young community of students | 1 |
Students’ respecting teacher comfort zone | 1 |
 Teacher–teacher relationships | 13 |
Friendly relationship with colleagues | 6 |
Respectful relationship with colleagues | 2 |
Close relationship with a few colleagues | 1 |
Harmony in relationship with colleagues | 1 |
Respectful relationship with colleagues | 1 |
Socializing with colleagues | 1 |
Finding a common ground with colleagues | 1 |
 Economic | 4 |
Covering expenses | 1 |
A good pay raise | 1 |
Economic gains | 1 |
Good economic conditions | 1 |
 Institutional and Professional | 31 |
Professional improvement | 6 |
School’s valuing teacher independence | 3 |
Being well-paid | 3 |
Fostering students’ learning | 2 |
Professional achievements | 2 |
Working in a professional atmosphere | 2 |
Sufficient vacation and travelling | 2 |
Satisfactory teaching environment | 1 |
Running workshops for colleagues | 1 |
Working with learned and sophisticated colleagues | 1 |
Good vibe in the university | 1 |
Being involved in an unending learning process causing dynamism | 1 |
Doing one’s favorite job | 1 |
Academic appraisal/recognition | 1 |
Working in a safe place | 1 |
School officials’ appreciating teachers | 1 |
Flexible working hours | 1 |
Fair workload | 1 |
Negative factors | Â |
 Personal | 4 |
  Family well-being concerns | 3 |
  Lower efficiency | 1 |
Interpersonal work-related relations | 4 |
Teacher–student relationships | 1 |
   Evading close relationships with students | 1 |
Teacher–teacher relationships | 3 |
   Little connection with colleagues | 1 |
   Evading close relationships | 1 |
   Past ruining relational experiences | 1 |
National | 1 |
  Annually changing immigration regulations | 1 |
Economic | 20 |
  Unstable/Critical economic conditions | 11 |
  Economic inflation | 4 |
  Exponentially rising living costs | 2 |
  Economic recession | 1 |
  Economic concerns | 1 |
  Ambiguous economic prospect | 1 |
Institutional & Professional | 36 |
  High workload | 12 |
  Insufficient payment | 11 |
  Imposed institutional rules & regulations | 4 |
  People’s devaluing the teaching profession | 1 |
  Inexperienced/Unknowledgeable colleagues | 1 |
  Some unhealthy staff | 1 |
  Monotony in work | 1 |
  Incongruence of evaluation system and course content | 1 |
  Insufficient school administrators’ support of teachers | 1 |
  No professional progression | 1 |
  Unfair institutional considerations | 1 |
  Discrimination between teachers | 1 |