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Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 9 Inferential statistics of WTC post-test

From: Portfolio assessment among upper-intermediate learners: effects on learners’ willingness to communicate, grit tendencies, and motivation

F

Sig

T

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean difference

SE difference

0.21

0.64

− 4.72

56

0.00

− 8.93

1.89

  

− 4.72

55.50

0.00

− 8.93

1.89

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