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Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 4 Inferential statistics of motivation post-test

From: Portfolio assessment among upper-intermediate learners: effects on learners’ willingness to communicate, grit tendencies, and motivation

F

Sig

T

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean difference

SE difference

5.57

0.02

− 2.39

56

0.02

− 8.34

3.48

  

− 2.39

42.53

0.02

− 8.34

3.48

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