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Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 2 Inferential statistics of motivation pre-test

From: Portfolio assessment among upper-intermediate learners: effects on learners’ willingness to communicate, grit tendencies, and motivation

F

Sig

T

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean difference

SE difference

.02

0.88

− 0.36

56

0.71

− 0.93

2.55

  

− 0.36

55.95

0.71

− 0.93

2.55

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