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Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 10 Paired samples Test of WTC

From: Portfolio assessment among upper-intermediate learners: effects on learners’ willingness to communicate, grit tendencies, and motivation

 

Mean

SD

SE mean

t

Df

Sig. (2-tailed)

CG pre/post-tests

− 2.93

6.56

1.21

− 2.40

28

0.02

EG pre/post-tests

− 12.93

10.10

1.87

− 6.89

28

0.00

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