From: Perceptions of Afghan EFL undergraduate learners towards autonomous learning
Dependent variable | (I) Year | (J) Year | Mean difference (I–J) | Std. error | Sig | 95% Confidence interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||||
Cognitive component | Freshman | Sophomore | 0.05815 | 0.10099 | 0.565 | − 0.1408 | 0.2571 |
Junior | 0.09267 | 0.08270 | 0.264 | − 0.0702 | 0.2556 | ||
Senior | − 0.02950 | 0.08761 | 0.737 | − 0.2021 | 0.1431 | ||
Sophomore | Freshman | − 0.05815 | 0.10099 | 0.565 | − 0.2571 | 0.1408 | |
Junior | 0.03452 | 0.09377 | 0.713 | − 0.1502 | 0.2192 | ||
Senior | − 0.08765 | 0.09813 | 0.373 | − 0.2810 | 0.1056 | ||
Junior | Freshman | − 0.09267 | 0.08270 | 0.264 | − 0.2556 | 0.0702 | |
Sophomore | − 0.03452 | 0.09377 | 0.713 | − 0.2192 | 0.1502 | ||
Senior | − 0.12217 | 0.07918 | 0.124 | − 0.2781 | 0.0338 | ||
Senior | Freshman | 0.02950 | 0.08761 | 0.737 | − 0.1431 | 0.2021 | |
Sophomore | 0.08765 | 0.09813 | 0.373 | − 0.1056 | 0.2810 | ||
Junior | 0.12217 | 0.07918 | 0.124 | − 0.0338 | 0.2781 | ||
Behavioral Component | Freshman | Sophomore | − 0.10973 | 0.11084 | 0.323 | − 0.3281 | 0.1086 |
Junior | − 0.15593 | 0.09076 | 0.087 | − 0.3347 | 0.0229 | ||
Senior | − 0.17177 | 0.09615 | 0.075 | − 0.3612 | 0.0176 | ||
Sophomore | Freshman | 0.10973 | 0.11084 | 0.323 | − 0.1086 | 0.3281 | |
Junior | − 0.04621 | 0.10291 | 0.654 | − 0.2489 | 0.1565 | ||
Senior | − 0.06204 | 0.10769 | 0.565 | − 0.2742 | 0.1501 | ||
Junior | Freshman | 0.15593 | 0.09076 | 0.087 | − 0.0229 | 0.3347 | |
Sophomore | 0.04621 | 0.10291 | 0.654 | − 0.1565 | 0.2489 | ||
Senior | − 0.01584 | 0.08689 | 0.856 | − 0.1870 | 0.1553 | ||
Senior | Freshman | 0.17177 | 0.09615 | 0.075 | − 0.0176 | 0.3612 | |
Sophomore | 0.06204 | 0.10769 | 0.565 | − 0.1501 | 0.2742 | ||
Junior | 0.01584 | 0.08689 | 0.856 | − 0.1553 | 0.1870 |