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Table 6 Post-hoc LSD test results for different educational levels on autonomous learning

From: Perceptions of Afghan EFL undergraduate learners towards autonomous learning

Dependent variable

(I) Year

(J) Year

Mean difference (I–J)

Std. error

Sig

95% Confidence interval

Lower bound

Upper bound

Cognitive component

Freshman

Sophomore

0.05815

0.10099

0.565

− 0.1408

0.2571

Junior

0.09267

0.08270

0.264

− 0.0702

0.2556

Senior

− 0.02950

0.08761

0.737

− 0.2021

0.1431

Sophomore

Freshman

− 0.05815

0.10099

0.565

− 0.2571

0.1408

Junior

0.03452

0.09377

0.713

− 0.1502

0.2192

Senior

− 0.08765

0.09813

0.373

− 0.2810

0.1056

Junior

Freshman

− 0.09267

0.08270

0.264

− 0.2556

0.0702

Sophomore

− 0.03452

0.09377

0.713

− 0.2192

0.1502

Senior

− 0.12217

0.07918

0.124

− 0.2781

0.0338

Senior

Freshman

0.02950

0.08761

0.737

− 0.1431

0.2021

Sophomore

0.08765

0.09813

0.373

− 0.1056

0.2810

Junior

0.12217

0.07918

0.124

− 0.0338

0.2781

Behavioral Component

Freshman

Sophomore

− 0.10973

0.11084

0.323

− 0.3281

0.1086

Junior

− 0.15593

0.09076

0.087

− 0.3347

0.0229

Senior

− 0.17177

0.09615

0.075

− 0.3612

0.0176

Sophomore

Freshman

0.10973

0.11084

0.323

− 0.1086

0.3281

Junior

− 0.04621

0.10291

0.654

− 0.2489

0.1565

Senior

− 0.06204

0.10769

0.565

− 0.2742

0.1501

Junior

Freshman

0.15593

0.09076

0.087

− 0.0229

0.3347

Sophomore

0.04621

0.10291

0.654

− 0.1565

0.2489

Senior

− 0.01584

0.08689

0.856

− 0.1870

0.1553

Senior

Freshman

0.17177

0.09615

0.075

− 0.0176

0.3612

Sophomore

0.06204

0.10769

0.565

− 0.1501

0.2742

Junior

0.01584

0.08689

0.856

− 0.1553

0.1870