Table 4 Results of paired sample t-test on experimental group
From: Flipped classroom with gamified technology and paper-based method for teaching vocabulary
Paired sample statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | M | N | SD | SE mean | r |
All Pre- | 47.750 | 72 | 15.513 | 1.828 | 0.564 |
All Post- | 53.833 | 72 | 14.931 | 1.759 | |
H Pre- | 68.190 | 21 | 5.6534 | 1.233 | 0.153 |
H Post- | 65.142 | 21 | 12.9548 | 2.826 | |
L Pre- | 39.333 | 51 | 7.0439 | 1.016 | 0.371 |
L Post- | 49.176 | 51 | 14.6175 | 2.109 | |
Paired sample test | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paired differences | t | df | Sig. (2-tailed) | d | |||||
Pair pretest & posttest | M | SD | SE mean | 95% confidence interval of the difference | |||||
Lower | Upper | ||||||||
All | − 6.083 | 14.219 | 1.675 | − 9.424 | − 2.741 | − 3.630 | 71 | 0.001 | 0.427 |
H | 3.047 | 13.320 | 2.906 | − 3.016 | 9.111 | 1.048 | 20 | 0.307 | 0.228 |
L | − 9.843 | 12.911 | 1.807 | − 13.474 | − 6.211 | − 5.444 | 50 | 0.000 | 0.762 |