Saudi undergraduate EFL learners’ attitudes toward using textism in their academic writing

Table 6 The significant difference between categories of independent variables on attitudes towards textism

Dependent Variable	Ind. Variable	Categories (I vs J)	Mean Difference (I-J)	Std. Error	Significance Level (p)
Texting	Level	Level 3 vs Level 1	− 1.276*	0.282	0.000
		Level 3 vs Level 2	− 0.702*	0.230	0.002
		Level 1 vs Level 2	0.574*	0.196	0.004
Emails	Level	Level 3 vs Level 1	− 1.455*	0.246	0.000
		Level 3 vs Level 2	− 1.018*	0.196	0.000
		Level 1 vs Level 2	0.437*	0.179	0.015
Online Chat	Level	Level 3 vs Level 1	− 0.973*	0.331	0.004
		Level 3 vs Level 2	− 0.515	0.270	0.058
		Level 1 vs Level 2	0.458*	0.230	0.047
University Work	Level	Level 3 vs Level 1	− 1.002*	0.343	0.004
		Level 3 vs Level 2	− 0.780*	0.280	0.006
		Level 1 vs Level 2	0.222	0.238	0.353