Table 2 Types of textism in students’ writing
From: Saudi undergraduate EFL learners’ attitudes toward using textism in their academic writing
Textism type | Example | Low-level | Medium-level | High-level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Contractions/shortening | Buyin for buying, esy for easy, kinda for kind of Uni for university, thru for through, makin for making | 6 | 2 | 0 |
Homophones in alphabets | U for you | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Omitting apostrophes | dont for do not | 5 | 1 | 0 |
Single homophones Number | 2 for two | 6 | 10 | 2 |
No punctuation | – | 25 | 11 | 2 |
Omitted capitals | ‘i’ for I | 24 | 12 | 3 |
Total number of occurrences | 67 (in 45 papers) | 36 (in 24 papers) | 7 (in 5 papers) | |