Table 3 Students’ self-reflection on their writing challenges, coded and thematically classified

What exactly does writing consist of? Uncertainty about the writing process, misunderstanding of how paragraphs develop, and difficulty mastering these skills can all be obstacles to writing. Trouble coming up with complete sentences and organizing paragraphs, unfamiliarity with the characteristics of writing, and difficulty stringing together a coherent paragraph are all common issues. Problems with an essay begin with selecting a topic, but the most difficult aspect of writing is coming up with an idea and beginning and ending it in a well-organized manner. Writing is indeed a difficult task

Misconceptions about how to write, including writing standards

It is difficult to read and comprehend anything written. The written concept is incomplete because it lacks a clear topic definition and development framework

Problems would start with the first sentence. I disliked writing practice and was not sure what the writing criteria were. I was incapable of summarizing my thoughts. The written content had glaring faults and errors. Writing problems were caused by a lack of writing practice

Less practice during the learning stages, including writing anxiety

Misconceptions about the importance of writing, lack of idea production during writing, not knowing the writing criteria, lack of idea construction in good organization, unreadable written works, less motivation to write repeatedly, problems arising from teachers' instruction, writing problems arising from lack of concentration, and not knowing the procedures of writing

Lack of invitations to write