Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 5 Descriptive statistics for directives (normalized values)

From: Investigating the impact of explicit and implicit instruction on the use of interactional metadiscourse markers

	Group	Mean	Standard deviation
Pre-test	EG	0.0039	0.0051
	IG	0.0055	0.0087
	CG	0.0025	0.0037
Immediate post-test	EG	0.0042	0.0046
	IG	0.0060	0.0083
	CG	0.0021	0.0062
Delayed post-test	EG	0.0047	0.0053
	IG	0.0057	0.0063
	CG	0.0030	0.0045

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