Table 2 Teachers’ general attitudes towards pedagogical translanguaging

Using students’ native language(s) in the classroom is an appropriate practice

n = 34

33.7%

n = 36

35.6%

n = 12

11.9%

n = 10

9.9%

n = 9

8.9%

Using students’ native language(s) is essential for learning a new language

n = 33

32.7%

n = 39

38.6%

n = 11

10.9%

n = 8

7.9%

n = 10

9.9%

Teachers’ use of students’ native language(s) in class would be helpful for bilingual/multilingual learners

n = 35

34.7%

n = 34

33.7%

n = 15

14.8%

n = 11

10.9%

n = 6

5.9%

Using students’ native language(s) develops the learners' confidence in English

n = 31

30.7%

n = 36

35.6%

n = 13

12.9%

n = 13

12.9%

n = 8

7.9%

Language teachers should avoid using the students’ native language(s) because it will prevent English language learning

n = 9

8.9%

n = 14

13.9%

n = 17

16.8%

n = 34

33.7%

n = 27

26.7%

Using students’ native language(s) indicates a lack of linguistic proficiency in English

n = 2

2%

n = 12

11.9%

n = 10

9.9%

n = 34

33.7%

n = 43

42.6%