Table 3 Coding sheet of the participants’ EFL writing portfolios

1

Write sentences about a job

1

Subject

30 (17 exp.: 13 ctrl.)

0

0

2

Verb

0

2

3

Begins with a capital letter

3

1

4

Ends with a period

3

3

5

Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives

0

1

2

Write sentences about your classroom using there is/ are

1

Subject

15 (11 exp.:4 ctrl.)

1

0

2

Verb

0

0

3

Begins with a capital letter

0

0

4

Ends with a period

0

5

3

Write compound sentences about hobbies

1

Subject and verb

22 (16 exp.:6 ctrl.)

1

3

2

Connecting word

0

0

3

Comma before the connecting word

8

7

4

Ends with a period

6

11

4

Writing a friendly letter

1

Has a heading

14 (10 exp.:4 ctrl.)

0

1

2

Has a greeting

0

0

3

Has a body

0

0

4

Has a closing and signature

1

0

5

Has correct punctuation and capitalization

2

3

6

Has contractions

1

1

5

Writing a postcard

1

Has a date

11 (7 exp.:4 ctrl.)

0

1

2

Has a complete address

1

1

3

Has a closing and signature

1

0

4

Uses informal language

0

2

6

Writing a blog

1

Every sentence begins with a capital letter

10 (7 exp.:3 ctrl.)

0

1

2

Every sentence includes correct punctuation

0

0

3

Every sentence uses contractions where possible

2

1

4

Every sentence uses capital letters for names of people, days, months, cities, and states

1

3

7

Writing a journal

1

Has an address

10 (8 exp.:2 ctrl.)

0

0

2

Has a picture/ drawing

0

0

3

Has phrases

2

2

8

Writing a paragraph about a favorite topic

1

Has a topic with a clear main idea

3 (3 exp.: 0 ctrl.)

0

–

2

Has a supporting sentence about the main idea

0

–

3

Has a concluding sentence with words from the topic sentence

1

–

4

Has only compete sentences

0

–

5

Has correct paragraph format, punctuation, and capitalization

0

–

6

Has a correct title

0

–

–

Total

36

115 (79 exp.: 36 ctrl.)

34

49

83