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Table 2 Classification and examples of defined components (Berger, 2014)

From: An empirical study of claims and qualifiers in ESL students’ argumentative writing based on Toulmin model

Classification of qualifiers

Examples

Qualifiers in word form (QW)

As far as I’m concerned, the marine parks shouldn’t stay open

Qualifiers in participle form (QP)

Facts provided, I firmly believe that the marine parks should be closed

Qualifiers in sentence form (QS)

Though it’s a conflict between our happiness and animals’ sufferings, the marine parks still need to stay open