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Table 9 Illustration of transcription rules

From: Profiling the pausing behaviour of EFL learners in real-time computer-aided writing: a multi-method case study

Symbol

Explanation

...

Incoherent speech

____

Ambiguous speech

–

Phonetics during word spelling

[]

Writing behaviour observed in Camtasia screen recording

()

The part that the researcher observes but does not appear in the think-aloud protocols

(5 s), (1 m)

A pause of 5 s, a pause of 1 min

p, s

Abbreviations of paragraphs and sentences, e.g. p1s1 stands for the first sentence in Paragraph 1