Profiling the pausing behaviour of EFL learners in real-time computer-aided writing: a multi-method case study

Table 8 Rating rubric for the timed online writing task (based on CET-4 writing rubric)

Points	Organization	Content	Language
0	No organization	Little idea	Incorrect spellings or a few isolated words
2	No focus; disorganized	Ideas random, inappropriate or illogical	Incomplete or incorrect sentences; severe errors that affect meaning
5	Attempts to focus; minimal organization	Ideas mixed; few transitions	Monotonous errors that interfere with meaning
8	Single focus; some lapses of flaws in organization	Ideas not well supported or elaborated	Little variety in syntax; some evident errors
11	Single focus; logical organization	Ideas appropriate and varied	Varied sentence structure; few errors
14	Single, distinct focus; logical progression of ideas	Details effective, vivid, explicit and pertinent	Very few, if any, errors

Note: The rating practice adopts a holistic rating format. Scores are given based mainly on the overall impression the composition creates on the rater, rather than following the practice of deducting points based on the number of errors (e.g., grammatical solecisms) identified in the composition. A total of five levels are specified in this rating rubric, and minor deviations from the description for each level may result in the loss or gain of one point. The highest score (full score) is 15, and the lowest score is zero