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Table 2 Number of correlations, correlation, 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity statistics, difference in r between categories and significance test of categories for moderators of the relationship between Chinese and English phonological awareness

From: An investigation of cross-linguistic transfer between Chinese and English: a meta-analysis

Moderator variable

Number of correlations

Correlation

95% CI

Heterogeneity (I2)

Difference in r (highest-lowest)

Significance test of Q test

Geographic location

 US/CA

12

.34**

.27–.40

65.19

.21

6.60*

 HK

13

.44**

.40–.48

84.82

  

Grade levels

 PreK

8

.42**

.42–.52

97.34

.07

.84

 Primary

9

.44**

.38–.49

140.75

  1. HK Hong Kong, SG Singapore, CA Canada
  2. *p < .05
  3. **p < .01