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Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 11 Descriptive Statistics of Four Categories of Private Speech

From: An examination of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory in second language acquisition: the role of higher order thinking enhancing techniques and the EFL learners’ use of private speech in the construction of reasoning

Private speech

M

SD

n

Repetition

16.63

7.52

60

Translation

5.58

4.06

60

Filler

3.46

2.65

60

Question

2.88

2.82

60

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