Skip to main content

Table 3 Themes, categories, and codes extracted from the interviews

From: Computer or human: a comparative study of automated evaluation scoring and instructors’ feedback on Chinese college students’ English writing

Themes

Categories

In Vivo Codes

Time efficiency

Slower

The instructor was slower than Aim Writing

 

Immediate

Aim Writing’s feedback was immediate

Communicative competence

Appropriateness for the context

Aim Writing’s suggested vocabulary doesn’t fit in the context

Feedback focus

Vocabulary suggestions

Use an alternative word to be more accurate

 

Grammar mistakes

Instant feedback on my grammar

 

Prompt-oriented

The instructor’s feedback focused more on the ideas presented by us

 

Writing structure

Further enrich my content based on the comment

 

Organization of writing

Encourage me to think about the logic between sentences and paragraphs

Preferred feedback model

Combination hybrid

Teacher’s feedback first and upload the writing to an AES system