Table 4 Sample GE-oriented learning goals

To build students’ positive attitudes about different accents articulated by speakers of English in inner, outer, and expanding circle contexts

To build students’ critical awareness of different pronunciation styles and lexico-grammatical resources articulated by speakers of English in inner, outer, and expanding circle contexts

To build students’ awareness of inner, outer, and expanding circle cultures, including their own local/home cultures

To introduce students to the knowledge of accent as linguistic identity

To introduce students to the knowledge of language variation in reference to pronunciation and lexico-grammar

To provide students with cultural knowledge (e.g., cultural events situated in inner, outer, and expanding circle contexts), including their own local/home cultures

To map out accent landscape based on demographic profiling of speakers living in inner, outer, and expanding circle contexts

To engage students in documenting language variations in sociolinguistic encounters in inner, outer, and expanding circle contexts

To engage students in inter- and intra-cultural discussion