Skip to main content

Table 2 Classification of congratulation strategies (Elwood, 2004)

From: A pragmatic study of congratulation strategies of Pakistani ESL learners and British English speakers

Sr No

Congratulation strategies

Congratulation strategy expressions

1

Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID)

Congratulation/congratulations

2

Request for Information (RFI)

How do you come to know about this?

3

The offer of good wish (OoGW)

Wish you the best of luck/God bless you

4

Expression of happiness (EoH)

I am very happy for you

5

Expression of surprise (EoS)

Ooh! Really!

6

Expression of Validation (EoV)

I know because you deserve it

7

The Suggestion of Celebration (SoC)

It’s party time

8

Expression of Envy (EoE)

I must say you are very lucky

9

Utterance of Encouragement (UoE)

Good effort…Keep it up

10

Overlapped

Congratulations….Wish you the best of luck–-I’m so happy for you!