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Table 10 Examples of argument types corresponding to higher score compositions

From: An empirical study of claims and qualifiers in ESL students’ argumentative writing based on Toulmin model

QW

C

N

As far as I’m concerned

The marine parks shouldn’t stay open

3

From my perspective

It’s right for marine parks to stay open

6

QW

C1

C2

 

In my opinion

Marine parks need a change

They should not to keep large sea animals, for these animals, for the environment and last of all, for us

41

From my perspective

The marine parks could stay open

And we should do other efforts to improve the condition

55

QW

C

QS

 

In my opinion

I agree to build them

Because concerned that we can achieve it, we can deal with it

15

 

We’d better cut down the number of marine parks,

Which means more animal can get freedom

22