Table 8 Descriptive Statistics for the observation at the stage of pre-writing
Items | *VM +* M | *A | *Al +* A | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | P | F | P | F | P | |
1.Clarification of tasks objectives through providing collaborative task guideline and decision making strategy and supporting ideas before writing task | 4 | 66.7% | 2 | 33.3% | Â | Â |
2.Encouraging group dynamic and establishing team goals through assigning responsibility and defining members’ roles |  |  | 3 | 50% | 3 | 50% |
3. Motivating students for further participation by means of group brainstorming (e.g. mind map, Charett method, think pair share and clustering techniques) | 3 | 50% | Â | Â | 3 | 50% |
4. Use of authentic educational resources such as textbook or other realia. | 5 | 83.3% | 1 | 16.7% | Â | Â |
5. Awareness raising of learners’ ideas and encouraging organization of ideas by providing several opportunities for group practice through planning on how to deal with writing problems | 4 | 66.7% |  |  | 2 | 33.3% |