Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education

Table 6 Frequency Analysis of the Modal Auxiliaries of the Pre-and Post-Genre Essays

From: The SFL genre-based approach to writing in EFL contexts

	Paragraph	can								might
		Pre				Post				Pre				Post
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Higher	Total	6	10	6	0	3	12	7	4	1	0	2	2	0	0	1	0
Higher	Mean	0.7	1.1	0.7	0	0.3	1.3	0.8	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0
Lower	Total	7	7	1	0	4	7	9	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lower	Mean	0.6	0.6	0.1	0	0.4	0.6	0.8	0.4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Paragraph	may								should
		Pre				Post				Pre				Post
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Higher	Total	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	3	2	3	3	3	0	4
Higher	Mean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0	0	0	0	0.3	0.3	0	0.4
Lower	Total	1	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	1	8
Lower	Mean	0.1	0	0	0	0.1	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.7
	Paragraph	shall								would
		Pre				Post				Pre				Post
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Higher	Total	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Higher	Mean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1
Lower	Total	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0
Lower	Mean	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0
	Paragraph	will								must
		Pre				Post				Pre				Post
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Higher	Total	1	2	0	1	4	4	2	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Higher	Mean	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lower	Total	0	0	0	0	5	6	1	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lower	Mean	0	0	0	0	0.5	0.5	0.1	0.3	0.2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Paragraph	could
		Pre				Post
		1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Higher	Total	1	0	0	0	0	2	2	0
Higher	Mean	0	0	0	0	0	0.2	0.2	0
Lower	Total	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0
Lower	Mean	0	0	0	0	0	0.1	0.1	0

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