Table 8 Frequencies, percentages and standardized residuals of the efl learners’ proficiency-based perceptions towards explicit grammar instruction and corrective feedback
From: Iranian EFL teachers and learners’ perceptions of grammar instruction and corrective feedback
Choices | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongly disagree | Disagree | Undecided | Agree | Strongly agree | |||
Elementary | Count | 209 | 232 | 108 | 672 | 580 | 1801 |
% | 11.6% | 12.9% | 6.0% | 37.3% | 32.2% | 100.0% | |
Std. Residual | 3.4 | −.8 | −3.7 | −.3 | 1.0 | ||
Intermediate | Count | 168 | 278 | 155 | 665 | 538 | 1804 |
% | 9.3% | 15.4% | 8.6% | 36.9% | 29.8% | 100.0% | |
Std. Residual | .2 | 2.1 | .0 | −.6 | −.9 | ||
Advanced | Count | 120 | 223 | 200 | 701 | 555 | 1799 |
% | 6.7% | 12.4% | 11.1% | 39.0% | 30.9% | 100.0% | |
Std. Residual | −3.5 | −1.3 | 3.7 | .9 | −.1 | ||
Total | Count | 497 | 733 | 463 | 2038 | 1673 | 5404 |
% | 9.2% | 13.6% | 8.6% | 37.7% | 31.0% | 100.0% | |