Skip to main content

Table 4 Descriptive statistics and results of one-sample t-tests for the three extracted factors

From: An exploratory study for factorial validity of cognitive styles among Japanese adult EFL learners: from educational and cultural perspectives

 

M

SD

skewness

kurtosis

t-value

 

r

effect size

 

SE

 

SE

impulsive – reflective

5.47

1.88

−0.19

0.13

−0.66

0.26

4.75

**

.24

small

active – passive

5.11

1.38

−0.13

0.13

−0.03

0.26

1.50

 

.08

little

global – particular

4.41

1.61

0.19

0.13

−0.56

0.26

−6.99

**

.35

medium

  1. Note. n = 362. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error
  2. **p < .01