Table 1 The Vietnamese vowels
From: L1 Korean vocalic transfer in adult L2 Korean learners’ production of Vietnamese monophthong vowels
Position of the tongue | front | central | back |
|---|---|---|---|
Openness of the mouth | |||
close | i (i, y) | ɯ (ư)a | u (u) |
Mid | e (ê) | ɤ (ơ) | o (ô) |
open | ɛ (e) | a (a) | ɔ (o) |