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Table 1 Features of FonF tasks, adapted from Shak and Gardner (2008)

From: Exploring the implementation of FonF tasks from learners’ perspective: a study on young learners

Feature

Function

Just Wondering

The preliminary part of each task was ‘just wondering’ in which the new grammatical form was introduced to the learners in the context of a story. More contexts for further exposure were provided in a teacher-led discussion.

Noticing

In this section, activities were provided to give the learners the chance to deal with the linguistic form to draw their attention to the grammatical structure and thus help the acquisition of the form take place.

Activity

The outstanding attribute of this part of the tasks was affording the learners with an opportunity to manipulate the grammatical form while interacting with their peers in small groups.

Grammar Detective

This activity guided the learners to formulate a rule about the correct use of the grammatical form.

Writing

In this section which was the end of the tasks, learners had to produce the target language structure in written form.