From: An examination of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory in second language acquisition: the role of higher order thinking enhancing techniques and the EFL learners’ use of private speech in the construction of reasoning
Private speech
M
SD
n
Repetition
16.63
7.52
60
Translation
5.58
4.06
Filler
3.46
2.65
Question
2.88
2.82