Table 3 Analysis of Variance for Effects of Experimental Group and Time Variables on learning Outcomes (TOEFL pre-test vs. TOEFL post-test)
From: Student engagement and foreign language learning through online social networks
| Â | SS | Df | MS | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Between subjects: | |||||
 Group | 2.11 | 1 | 2.11 | 6.91 | .01 |
 Error | 11.63 | 38 | .31 |  |  |
Within subjects: | |||||
 Time | 9.80 | 1 | 9.80 | 83.69 | .00 |
 Time × group | 5.00 | 1 | 5.00 | 42.70 | .00 |
 Error | 4.45 | 38 | .12 |  |  |